1. Topics

The topic represents what the discourse “is about” (Wodak/Meyer, 2001: 101).

2. Local meanings

The local meanings are the kind of information that influences the mental models and therefore the attitudes and opinions of recipients (Wodak/Meyer, 2001: 103).

3. Metaphors

Metaphors contain modes of thought and thereby shape what we perceive as reality. Different cultures understand metaphors in different ways (Lakoff/Johnson, 1980: 22).

4. Subtle formal structures

The structures that are less controllable by speakers, as an example: intonation and pause (Wodak/Meyer, 2001: 106).

5. Context models

They guide us to understand what of the social situation is relevant for the participants of the speech. It links texts with social situations (Wodak/Meyer, 2001: 108).

5.1 Intertextuality

It is a matter of recontextualization—a movement from one context to another, entailing particular transformations consequent upon how the material that is moved, recontextualized, figures within that new context (Fairclough, 2003: 51).

5.2 Assumptions

Types of implicitness as presuppositions, logical implications or entailments, and implicatures (Fairclough, 2003: 40).

6. Event models

Van Dijk affirms: “Language users not only form mental models of the situation they interact in, but also of the events or situations they speak or write about” (Wodak/Meyer, 2001: 111).