1. Topics | The topic represents what the discourse “is about” (Wodak/Meyer, 2001: 101). |
2. Local meanings | The local meanings are the kind of information that influences the mental models and therefore the attitudes and opinions of recipients (Wodak/Meyer, 2001: 103). |
3. Metaphors | Metaphors contain modes of thought and thereby shape what we perceive as reality. Different cultures understand metaphors in different ways (Lakoff/Johnson, 1980: 22). |
4. Subtle formal structures | The structures that are less controllable by speakers, as an example: intonation and pause (Wodak/Meyer, 2001: 106). |
5. Context models | They guide us to understand what of the social situation is relevant for the participants of the speech. It links texts with social situations (Wodak/Meyer, 2001: 108). |
5.1 Intertextuality | It is a matter of recontextualization—a movement from one context to another, entailing particular transformations consequent upon how the material that is moved, recontextualized, figures within that new context (Fairclough, 2003: 51). |
5.2 Assumptions | Types of implicitness as presuppositions, logical implications or entailments, and implicatures (Fairclough, 2003: 40). |
6. Event models | Van Dijk affirms: “Language users not only form mental models of the situation they interact in, but also of the events or situations they speak or write about” (Wodak/Meyer, 2001: 111). |